In this blog, we break down the key components of a hydraulic system and offer tips for selecting parts to optimize performance and minimize downtime.
Know Your System Requirements
Browse through any hydraulic components catalog, and you will notice an almost overwhelming number of product options. Every piece of equipment is built for a specific application and operating environment. Because of that, there are varying system specifications to consider when designing equipment and selecting hydraulic components. Below are some specifications to consider:
- Flow rate
- System pressure
- Fluid compatibility
- Operating temperature
- Exposure to heat, abrasion, and other external factors
Understanding the Components of a Hydraulic System
Every hydraulic system component plays a role in generating and transmitting power. Think about it: an improperly sized seal can cause fluid leaks, resulting in sluggish operation. If one small component can have that much of an impact, think of what would happen if you installed the wrong pump or cylinder.
Let’s take a look at each component of a hydraulic system, the role it plays in equipment performance, and what to consider when researching products.
Hydraulic Pumps
As the heartbeat of a hydraulic system, the pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps are all used in hydraulics, but each affects flow rate, pressure, and efficiency differently.
Tip: Determine the flow and pressure rate required for your system, then select a pump style and size with specifications meeting those requirements.
Cylinders and Motors
Hydraulic cylinders provide linear motion, while motors deliver rotational motion. Both convert energy and are one of the more critical components of a system. The equipment type and application determine which option is best for your system.
Tip: Space, load requirements, and operating pressure are just a few of the specifications to consider. An application engineer can help you select products based on your performance requirements.
Hydraulic Valves
Properly regulating flow and pressure keeps fluid moving through the system effectively. The wrong valve can cause pressure surges and sluggish performance.
Tip: Consider system pressure, flow, and control requirements. These factors will determine the size and type of valve required, as well as the actuation method.
Hydraulic Hoses
Hoses carry fluid through the system and can be prone to leaks and bursts if the wrong size or material is used. Chemical compatibility, system pressure, and sizing are your most critical specifications in selecting a product.
Tip: Exposure to sun or abrasion can accelerate hose wear. Hose wraps or special hose covers can provide a tough, protective barrier that can extend hose life and prevent damage from external factors.
Accessories
Fittings, seals, filters, and other accessories are the glue that holds everything together. Quality here matters just as much as it does when purchasing major system components.
Tip: Always double-check sizing to ensure tight connections and reduce the chance of leaks. For seals, review the material compatibility chart to prevent seal degradation and failure.
Keep Your Equipment Moving
As a reminder, installing the right parts will help your mobile or industrial equipment perform optimally while minimizing downtime in the field. The extra time spent understanding the system design and research components will save you time and money in the long run.
Do you have questions regarding your hydraulic system design or which parts are best for your equipment? We have over 40 years of fluid power expertise and a team of application experts ready to help. Give us a call to discuss your design challenges, request recommendations, and learn about the latest innovations in hydraulic system components.